Selection of cutting tool materials for precision mechanical parts

Selection of cutting tool materials for precision mechanical parts

Keywords precision machinery, parts processing|2020-09-25 10:38:36

Abstract Currently, in the processing of precision mechanical parts, the tool materials suitable for processing stainless steel are high-speed steel and cemented carbide. High-speed steel milling cutters are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, sharp, and have good toughness, but have poor wear resistance. The manufacturing process of cemented carbide milling cutters is complex and costly, and it is cut at high speed...

At present, in the processing of precision mechanical parts, tool materials suitable for processing stainless steel are high-speed steel and cemented carbide. High-speed steel milling cutters are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, sharp, and have good toughness, but have poor wear resistance. The manufacturing process of cemented carbide milling cutters is complex and costly, and has good wear resistance under high-speed cutting conditions, which is conducive to the stability of the dimensional accuracy of precision mechanical parts processing.

Taking full account of the characteristics of CNC machining and production economy, the following principles can be adopted: use high-performance high-speed steel milling cutters for finishing, because the blades of high-performance high-speed steel milling cutters are relatively sharp. The rough machining requires low accuracy of tool setting, easy tool setting, short auxiliary time and low production cost. When finishing, use high-precision coated carbide end mills, which can cut at high speed and maintain continuous and stable machining accuracy of precision mechanical parts. Under normal circumstances, it can finish finishing tens or even hundreds of products.

Selection of tool geometrical parameters: Selecting a tool from the existing inventory mainly needs to consider geometrical parameters such as the number of teeth, rake angle and blade helix angle. In the finishing process, the chips of stainless steel are not easy to curl. A tool with a small number of teeth and a large chip pocket should be selected to make chip removal smooth and beneficial to the processing of stainless steel precision mechanical parts. However, if the rake angle is too large, it will weaken the strength and wear resistance of the cutting edge of the tool. Generally, an end mill with a normal rake angle of 10-20 degrees should be selected. The helix angle is closely related to the actual rake angle of the tool. When processing stainless steel, the use of a large helix angle milling cutter can make the cutting force in the precision machining process small and stable.

The surface quality of the workpiece is high, and the helix angle is generally 35°-45°. Due to the poor cutting performance, high cutting temperature and short tool life of stainless steel materials. Therefore, the cutting consumption of milling stainless steel should be lower than that of ordinary carbon steel.

Adequate cooling and lubrication can significantly extend tool life and improve the surface quality of precision mechanical parts after processing. In actual production, special stainless steel cutting oil can be selected as the coolant, and it can cooperate with the high-pressure center water outlet function of the machine tool spindle. The cutting oil is sprayed to the cutting area at high pressure for forced cooling and lubrication to obtain a good cooling and lubrication effect.

As precision machining companies continue to improve the accuracy of parts and components, CNC machining plays an increasingly important role in the entire production process, and more and more CNC machine tools are purchased, which also leads to a series of problems that need to be solved urgently. . In the process of precision mechanical parts processing, cutting tools, as an important auxiliary tool for participating in manufacturing activities, play a great role in the productivity of CNC machine tools and the precision and accuracy of precision parts processing and manufacturing, especially in the increasing number of CNC machine tools. In order to solve the disadvantages of decentralized management, improve the efficiency of precision mechanical parts processing, and reduce operating costs, the number of tools is huge. Then, the tools must be managed in a centralized manner.

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